Abstract: Biochemical and consumer properties of grain crops significantly depend on the temperature and humidity regime, the duration of the temperature exposure and the amount of moisture in the studied cereal crop. Therefore, by changing the external conditions, it is possible to significantly influence the biochemical processes in the grain mass, while adjusting its biochemical properties. The work investigated the temperature dependence of the electrophysical properties in a finely dispersed nonequilibrium heterogeneous medium using mechanically activated wheat as an example. For the experiment, samples of cereal culture were prepared using mechanical activation, as a result of which fine-dispersed systems with particle sizes in the range from 50 to 1000 µm were prepared. The used adsorption value of the samples was 8% (φ = 8%). For a sample at a frequency of 25 Hz, the maximum ε '= 78.62 at T = 94.9°C, and at a frequency of 10,000 Hz, the maximum is ε' = 12.47 at T = 98.8°C. It was found that the disordering of the structure of finely dispersed wheat, changes in the temperature exposure and drying mode have a significant effect on its consumer and dielectric properties. The value of the real part of the dielectric constant varies depending on the degree of dispersion of the samples, temperature and humidity conditions, and the frequency of the external electric field. Analysis of the dielectric constant spectra made it possible to establish the value of the maximum growth of dielectric parameters corresponding to a temperature of about 100°C. The presence of a correlation between the magnitude of the maximum and the value of the degree of dispersion of the samples was established. The frequency of the external electric field also has a significant effect on the dielectric parameters of the studied samples of cereal crops, which is explained by a change in the structure of the nonequilibrium medium during the process of mechanical activation.

Keywords: wheat, cereal culture, mechanical activation, dielectric constant, temperature, humidity, heterogeneous medium, dispersion, frequency, electric field.

Abstract: For the first time, according to the results of studies of a long-term stationary experiment on the light gray forest soil of the Baikal region, the indicators of the yield of spring wheat and spring barley for different predecessors are presented. It was necessary to evaluate the effectiveness and development of scientific foundations for improving grain-fallow crop rotations in combination with elements of biologization and ecologization on acidic gray forest soils of the Baikal region for 1981-2010. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary five-field crop rotation of the Department of Agrochemistry of the Irkutsk State Agricultural Academy: steam, wheat, green manure steam (oil radish), wheat, barley. Long-term field experience was initiated by Professor A.N. Ugarov on the light gray forest soil of the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region in 1966 and deployed in time and space. In the experiment, spring wheat variety ―Tulunskaya 12‖ was sown, barley ―Odessa 115‖ whose sowing qualities corresponded to the class of highly conditioned seeds. Agrotechnics of crops are common for the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region. Sowing was carried out in the second decade of May. The area of the accounting plot is 180 m2(total area 480 m2). The harvesting of the crop and the accounting of the main products were carried out by the continuous plotting method using a SAMPO combine at full ripeness of the grain. It was found that the use of pure steam as a precursor of wheat in grain crop rotation provided an average of 2.04 t/ha of grain for 30 years, which is higher than with repeated crops by 0.2-1.2 t/ha. Evaluation of the effectiveness of doses of applied fertilizers and crop productivity is given. The most effective was the complex fertilization - N60Р40К60 kg/ha of active substance. The productivity of grain crops increased by 0.77 t/ha of grain units (43%) and was the largest in the experience.

Keywords: long-term experience, spring barley, spring wheat, mineral fertilizers, predecessor.

Abstract: The article presents the results of the development and implementation of a design project for the improvement and gardening of a personal plot in the village Markovo, Irkutsk District, Irkutsk Region. The project is executed in the ―Hi-tech‖ style. This style implies asymmetry, dynamic forms, straight lines and minimalism in design, elements of the culture of cubism and constructivism fit very organically into this style. Due to the difference in relief, two terraces were planned: an upper and a lower one. The upper terrace is reinforced with a concrete retaining wall. On the lower terrace there is a house and a recreation area with a barbecue area and a custom-made gazebo made of wood. In order to illuminate the territory, there were provided lamps of the Elektrostandard brand, made of aluminum alloy, backlit balls, an original designer halagen lamp. The road-path provides two routes: the shortest route with a diagonal crossing of the site; a long walking route, arranged in such a way that it was possible to bypass the entire site. There are two types of paths on the site: wooden paved paths and garden paths made of natural stone. The wooden flooring is provided slightly raised above the surface to provide ventilation and is located at a slope so that water after rains does not accumulate on the canvas. Stone paths are located on the upper terrace, they lead from the stairs to the barbecue area. As a result of the work, a general plan, small architectural forms, a lighting plan and a road-path network were developed, visualization of the object was carried out, work was carried out on a road-path network and the creation of small architectural forms.

Keywords: design project, master plan, lighting plan, road and path network, Irkutsk region.

Abstract: In Pre-Baikal region, in the belt of sharply continental climate, the research was carried out at the stationary trial in gray forest soil on studying the effect of productive soil moisture on farm crop yield formation in rotations. Three experimental crop rotations, deployed in time and space by all fields, were studied. One crop rotation is the control and two ones are with introduction of perennial legume crop fields. The analysis of the research results proves that when spring reserves of soil humidity accumulate in soil, the level of productivity of fodder crop rotations is determined by the conditions of moisture supply being formed during the spring-summer period. Usually, at the test field of the Irkutsk institute, as in the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region, plant lack water in the second half of spring and early in summer. In years with good soil moisture reserves in spring and June all farm crops produce good yields. Such years with good soil moisture reserves were 2005-2009. The favorable period of water supply facilitated to plant biomass accumulation and the formation of good yields of forage crops. The crop rotations with red clover were found to be the best in yielding capacity. On average, for the years of the research in the crop rotation without clover, the yield from 1 ha of rotational area was 2.9 t/ha f. un., with one clover field the yield raised up to 3.3 t/hа f. un., аnd with two clover fields – tо 3.9 t/hа, or by 13.8 % and 34.5 %. The ensilage crop and clover exceeded annual crops in yield.

Keywords: productive moisture, yield, crop rotation, clover, cereals and grain-legume crops, Pre-Baikal region.

Abstract: In the conditions of permafrost soils of Yakutia in the period of 2016-2017 studies have been carried out to study the effect of biological products on the growth, development and productivity of early white cabbage (Brassica oleracea) variety ―June‖. The experiments were carried out at the Yakutsk State Vegetable Variety Testing Site, which is located on the right bank of the Lena River in the village of Rassoloda, Megino-Kangalassky ulus. The soil of the experimental site is floodplain soddy, medium loamy. Cabbage was grown in seedlings, the seedlings are 45-50 days old. Variants were arranged by randomization. Repetition three times. The area of the plot is 18.9 sq.m., the area of the accounting plot is 6.3 sq.m., the width of the protective strip is 1 m. The planting pattern is 35x70 cm. The seedlings are 45 days old. The first treatment with preparations was carried out in the phase of 5-6 leaves (06/02/06-07) with a consumption rate (10g / 10l of water). The treatment was carried out during the growing season with a frequency of 10-15 days with a consumption rate of 2.5 l / m2. The effect of biological products ―Baikal EM-1‖, Potassium Humate and ―Albit‖ was studied in comparison with the option without the introduction of biological products. On the basis of the studies carried out, it was found that when treated with the biological product ―Baikal EM-1‖, the earliest head formation and the onset of technical ripeness of white cabbage are noted (6-7 days earlier than in the control variant); cabbage heads with the largest diameter are formed when treated with Baikal EM-1 (22.8 cm) and potassium humate (21.3 cm). The use of the biological product ―Baikal‖ helped to obtain the highest yield of early white cabbage - 69.8 t / ha, which is twice the control variant; the use of biological products significantly reduces the content of nitrates in cabbage production (by 74-87 mg / kg).

Keywords: permafrost soils, early white cabbage, biological products, growth, development, productivity, nitrates, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Khangalassky district.

Abstract: Soybean seeds of variety ―Zolotistaya‖ were germinated in solutions of simple sugars: monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), disaccharides (maltose, sucrose). It was revealed that the presence of sugars (mono- and disaccharides) in solutions for germinating seeds has a positive effect on the length and weight of seedlings. In all solutions, the result significantly exceeds the corresponding indicator in the control (water). At the same time, the greatest values of the length and weight of seedlings were noted for glucose solutions: the values compared with the control are 142% for the length of seedlings and 136% for the weight of seedlings. In general, the positive effect of sugars on these indicators decreases in the following order: glucose - fructose -sucrose - maltose. All sugar solutions reduce, in comparison with the control, the total protein content both in seedlings and cotyledons during seed germination. At the same time, this effect is most significantly manifested for seedlings; in the cotyledons, the decrease in the amount of protein compared to the control is less pronounced. According to the research results, there is a decrease in the total protein content in seeds after germination compared to dry seeds. In this case, the nature of the curves as a whole coincides with the data in relation to the control, but the numerical indicators of the decrease in the total protein level in this case are more significant, since already for the control (water) the total protein content in the germinated seeds is lower than in dry seeds and is 94, 4% of dry seeds. According to our data, such indicators as the length and weight of seedlings, on the one hand, and the protein content in seedlings and germinated seeds in general, on the other hand, have the opposite direction. Sugar solutions contribute to an increase in the length and mass of seedlings and, therefore, taking into account the structure of soybean seeds, strengthening the root system and, at least, increasing the green mass of the plant, and, possibly, yield. At the same time, the same sugar solutions reduce the total protein content in seedlings and germinated seeds in general. It can be assumed that a decrease in the level of total protein during germination of soybean seeds may be associated, among other things, with lipid biosynthesis, which is competing under these conditions, which is enhanced in sugar solutions.

Keywords: soybeans, seed germination, carbohydrates, protein.

Abstract: A number of new chemical compounds ―protatranes‖ of the formula 4-ClС6Н4XCH2COOН+N(CH2CH2OH)3, where Х= О(a), S(b), SO2 (c), have been synthesized. The effect of mixtures of protatranes a + b + c (substances № 1 and № 2) on the growth-regulating activity of seedlings and roots of winter wheat, depending on the concentration of the studied substances and methods of seed treatment, was investigated. Substances № 1 and № 2were studied in the concentration range from 10-1to 10-10 g/l. A mixture of protatranes (substance №. 2) in concentrations of 10-1, 10-2had an inhibitory effect on the growth of roots with all methods of seed treatment. Inhibition of seedling growth by substance № 2 at a concentration of 10-1was observed during soaking and spraying of seeds. It is shown that a mixture of protatranes (substances № 1 and № 2) in low concentrations has a positive effect on the growth processes of the seedling and roots of wheat. There were no statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of the drugs, depending on the method of treatment. The optimum are microconcentrations of substances № 1 and № 2 - 10-6- 10-10 g/l. The effect of protatranes (substances № 1 and № 2) on the resistance of wheat to salinity was studied, where morphometric parameters (the length of the aboveground part and roots) were assessed on the 7th day from the beginning of the action of chloride salinity. Semi-dry treatment of seeds with the investigated chemicals № 1 and № 2 at a concentration of 10-6- 10-10 g/l reduces the inhibition of seedling and root growth under the action of chloride salinity (150 mM NaCI). It is shown that the study of the obtained mixtures of protatranes as biostimulants and adaptagens for increasing the resistance of agricultural plants to unfavorable environmental factors is shown to be promising.

Keywords: protatranes, wheat, germination, salinization, biostimulants, adaptogens, biotesting, phytotoxicity.

Abstract: This paper presents the results of studies of the characteristics of growth and development, the productivity of sea buckthorn varieties in the steppe zone of pre-Baikal region. Observations of the peculiarities of growth and development of sea buckthorn varieties over the years of research showed that budding in all varieties and flowering, in all years of research, occurred simultaneously in the 3rd decade of May - the first decade of June. Flowering lasts from 5 to 8 days. From flowering to ripening, it takes 12 to 14 weeks. Earlier ripening in all the years of research was noted in the plants of the ―Chuyskaya‖ variety and fell on the end of August; the ―Obilnaya‖ and ―Prevoskhodnaya‖ plants began to bear fruit in the first ten days of September. The end of the growing season of sea buckthorn varieties is celebrated from September 30 to October 15. Earlier ripening was noted in plants of the ―Chuyskaya‖ variety and fell on the end of August, the plants of the ―Obilnaya‖ and ―Prevoskhodnaya‖ varieties began bearing fruit in early September. The end of the growing season is celebrated from September 30 to October 15. No frost and frost damage on sea buckthorn plantings was noted for eighteen years of research. The greatest weight of 100 fruits over the years of research was noted in the variety ―Chuyskaya‖ and ranged from 81 to 90 g, the weight of 100 fruits in varieties ―Obilnaya‖ and ―Prevoskhodnaya‖ was from 78 to 86 g. Sea buckthorn provided the highest yield from the 7th to 12th years of life and amounted to varieties from 12.6 to 17.2 t / ha. In all the years of research, the ―Chuyskaya‖ variety has stood out for the highest productivity. Damage by diseases and damage by pests on the plantings of sea buckthorn was not noted.

Keywords: sea buckthorn, “Chuyskaya” variety, productivity, features of growth and development, phenological phases, steppe zone of pre-Baikal region.

Abstract: The article presents preliminary data of a study on the study of the timing of sowing Sudanese grass on the yield of green mass. It has been established that the sowing time has a significant impact on the growth and development of the aboveground mass. The greatest increase in the vegetative mass of the culture gives in the second half of the growing season. In the first period from sowing to the beginning of panicle spreading, growth is slow. The obtained yield data indicate the high potential of the Sudanese grass in the conditions of the region. The most optimal time for sowing Sudanese grass is the period from June 10 to 20 (second decade). Research on the topic was carried out in 2020 on the experimental field of the Faculty of Agronomy on light gray forest soil. A variety of Sudanese grass ―Kinelskaya 100‖ was sown after the pure fallow. The experiment studied three sowing dates on May 20, June 10 and June 20. Agricultural techniques were generally accepted for the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region. Mineral fertilizers were not applied in the experiment. When sowing in these terms, there is an accelerated and significant increase in the vegetative mass. The period of maximum growth coincides with the maximum summer precipitation and continues until the onset of seed ripeness. This guarantees a high yield, despite the spring and spring-summer droughts typical for the Irkutsk region. The average daily growth of green mass per 1 ha is more than 600 kg and continues until the end of the growing season. The possibilities of multipurpose use of Sudanese grass and its high adaptability to the local climate necessitate the expansion of areas for its cultivation and further development of its technological elements both for cultivation for seeds and for use for various forage purposes.

Keywords: Sudanese grass, sowing time, green mass, productivity, adaptability, pre-Baikalregion.

Abstract: The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the electrostatic field of different output voltages on the feeding behavior and motor activity of the crucian carp Carassius gibelioBloch, 1782 under conditions imitating the benthic type of nutrition. Were formed two experimental (with the influence of ESP voltage 1.2 and 2.5 kV) and one control (without external influence) groups of fish. Two studies were carried out with different duration of experiments: 8 (experiment 1) and 15 (experiment 2) minutes. In the first experiment, significant differences in the behavior of fish were established for the indicators of total feeding time and diet under the influence of an ESP with a voltage of 1.2 kV. Similar calculations were carried out to study the significance of differences in the behavior of fish in the control and experimental groups in experiment 2 under the influence of ESP voltage of 1.2 kV and 2.5 kV. In this case, differences in the behavior of fish were established for the indicator of the time of group movement at an ESP of 1.2 kV. The motor activity of fish in the experimental groups under the influence of ESP is lower than in the control. When exposed to an ESP of 1.2 kV, groups of fish prefer to be on the ―forage spot‖, which is indicated by the highest average value of the diet; in two series, three of them ate all parts of the proposed feed (1 experiment). When fish is exposed to an ESP of 2.5 kV, it can be noted that the diet does not change significantly, but the motor activity of fish increases. In study no. 2 (15 minutes), the moment of satiety is pronounced, the fish could not swallow more food items than they needed, and they can digest. The group took an exploratory interest in the new setting.

Keywords: crucian carp, electrostatic field, video surveillance, physical activity, food activity, diet.

Abstract: The state of development of Betula pendula Roth, growing in Irkutsk in areas of different levels of influence of road transport, according to the fluctuating asymmetry of its leaves, was assessed. To determine the significance of the level of coefficients for increasing the developmental stability of B. pendula by fluctuating asymmetry of leaves, we used the regularities laid down in a five-point scale for assessing the quality of the environment by the degree of disturbance. At all counting sites, the feature varies most of all: the distance between the bases of the first and second veins of the second order, which can be used to track changes in the state of development depending on the magnitude of the impact of anthropogenic factors on it. Fluctuations in the indicators of fluctuating asymmetry of leaves collected in the spring and autumn are from 3.3%. The coefficient of increase in the weighted average values of the integral indicator of the state of development between trees from natural habitats and sites along transport arteries is 1.61, for a residential area - 1.38, for a recreational area - 1.19. The value of the correlation ratio η = 0.82 demonstrates a high level of correlation of the factor traffic intensity and the state of development. The share of the influence of the traffic flow intensity factor on the fluctuating asymmetry of leaves, and, as a consequence, on the change in the integral indicator of developmental stability is 67.08%, the reliability coefficient is F = 7.47. The calculated linear correlation coefficient is r =+0.72 indicates the presence of a close positive relationship between the indicators of stability of silver birch development and the distance of plantings to the road. The results obtained prove the low resistance of silver birch to anthropogenic influences and make it possible to recommend it for landscaping recreational areas.

Keywords: developmental stability, fluctuating asymmetry, Betula pendula Roth, correlation, road transport.

Abstract: At first glance, in giant predators of lizard-like dinosaurs, the thoracic limbs look like absolutely useless elements, but from the point of view of a scientist-morphologist, any anatomical structure should have a certain function in a living organism. Unfortunately, in the literature available to us, we did not find any works devoted to a detailed morphometric analysis of the skeleton of the shoulder girdle and thoracic limbs of representatives of the Tyrannosauridae family. This circumstance prompted us to carry out a morphometric analysis of the skeleton of the shoulder girdle and thoracic limbs of Tarbosaurus (Tarbosaurus Maleev, 1955). The material for the study was the tarbosaurus skeleton (Tarbosaurus Maleev, 1955), which is on display in the Paleontological Museum of the Institute of Paleontology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Morphometric studies of longitudinal measurements of the axial skeleton and limb skeleton sections were carried out. Due to the paucity of experimental material, statistical processing was not carried out. In representatives of the Tyrannosauridae family, in particular in Tarbosaurus, due to the specific development of the thoracic limbs, their functional analysis is possible only in combination with a general functional analysis of the entire skeleton. Since the swing point of the axial skeleton of Tarbosaurus in connection with bipedal locomotion is only the hip joints, the ratio of the axial skeleton sections to its total length associated with the specifics of the animal's life support is an important indicator for functional analysis. In Tarbosaurus, due to the overdeveloped thoracic limbs, these indicators have their own specificity. Also specific are the longitudinal proportions of the anterior and posterior parts of the axial skeleton, the separation point of which is the vertical line of the hip joints, that is, the swinging point of the body between the two pelvic limbs.

Keywords: Tarbosaurus, dinosaurs, skeleton, thoracic limb, shoulder girdle, morphometric analysis

Abstract: The article presents the results of microbiological studies of washes taken from the nasal, oral cavities and rectum. The authors studied the taxonomic characteristics of microorganisms and their virulence. The object of the study was 14 seals contained in nerpinae in Listvyanka and Irkutsk, Irkutsk region. Sampling (washings from the nasal, oral and rectal cavities), isolation of cultures of microorganisms, their identification was carried out according to generally accepted methods on the basis of the department of diagnostics of bacterial and parasitic diseases of the ―Irkutsk interregional veterinary laboratory‖. It was found that the seals are found microorganisms of the following types: Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Enterococcusfaecalis, Staphylococcus warneri, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus hauseri, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Plesiomonasshigelloides, Bacillus licheniformis, Corynebacterium auriscanis, Morganellamorganii, Psychrobacter sanguinis, Enterobacter cloacae. When testing microorganisms from the genus Staphylococcus for plasma coagulation, the following results were obtained. A negative reaction to plasma coagulation was observed in 77.3% of cases, in 8 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains and 9 Staphylococcus warneri strains. Positive plasma coagulation was observed in 5 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. When studying the virulence of microorganisms, 105 strains were tested, incl. non-pathogenic strains E.coli – 36, Morganella morganii– 1, Proteus hauseri– 4, Proteus mirabilis – 4, Proteus vulgaris – 2, Pseudomona aeruginosa – 9, Psychrobacter sanguinis – 1. It should be noted that in all cases when testing in vivo conditionally pathogenic healthy microflora isolated from animals, during the 10-day observation there were no cases of death of laboratory animals, while 42% of the strains were pathogenic, of which 2 strains of Plesiomonasshigelloides and 42 strains of Clostridium perfringens were identified.

Keywords: seal, microorganisms, taxonomy, virulence, pathogenicity.

Abstract: Probiotics have a synergistic effect with a wide range of dietary supplements (BAA), including antioxidants. The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of using different sources of selenium and tocopherol in the composition of broilers' diets during directed colonization of bifidobacteria in the digestive tract from the first days of their life by feeding the probiotic ―Bifidum SCH‖. In the course of the experiment, in comparison with poultry of the control group, the most effective effect on the safety of livestock, gain in live weight and conversion of feed into products was provided by the joint inclusion of the complex preparation ―Lovit E+Se‖in the feed of broilers at the rate of 1 ml / head and the probiotic ―Bifidum SCH‖ based on 5 doses for 200 heads. Broilers of the 3rd experimental group, who consumed in combination the complex preparation ―Lovit E+S‖ and the probiotic ―Bifidum SCH‖, adapted better to the growing and feeding conditions. The consequence of this was a significant (P>0.95) increase in the liquid internal environment of chickens of the 3rd experimental group of the number of erythrocytes and the concentration of hemoglobin in them than in the control. It was found that when using these feed additives in the composition of diets, broilers of the 3rd experimental group differed in the best level of protein metabolism in the body, which was manifested in comparison with the control analogues in an increase in the serum concentration of total protein by 6.11 g/l (P>0, 95), albumin - by 2.24% (P>0.95) and gamma globulins - by 2.37% (P>0.95) with a trend towards a decrease in the amount of alpha and beta globulins. With the combined use of a complex preparation and a probiotic in the compound feed formulation, the highest level of deposition of the element selenium and vitamin E in the body of broilers is provided. This indicates an increase in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation processes in the body of broilers of the 3rd experimental group.

Keywords: broiler chickens, probiotic, antioxidants, safety, gains, feed conversion, morphological and biochemical composition of blood, liver, chemical composition.