Abstract: Both in the Russian Federation as a whole, and in the Siberian Federal District, as well as in the Irkutsk Region, significant areas are occupied by unused land for various purposes, including agricultural land and arable land. So, in 2016 they accounted for 51.85 million hectares (13.6%) of the total area of agricultural land, in 2017 - 46.41 million. ha (2.5%), and in 2018 - 43.99 million ha (11.38%). Unfortunately, by now, they are largely overgrown with forest, detached trees, small forests, shrubs, covered with hummocks, stumps and littered with stones. In order to be involved in agricultural circulation, agricultural land and arable land need to take appropriate reclamation measures. The conducted research has established that for the studied period from 2016 to 2018 in the region, there is no steady trend towards a decrease in unused agricultural land and the dynamics of these areas in 2018 should be considered positive. The main solution to the problem is possible by carrying out cultural and technical reclamation. At the same time, the non-use of arable land and other agricultural land in circulation occurs for various reasons: the development of negative processes due to overgrowing with forests and shrubs, the termination of the activities of agricultural enterprises, the migration outflow of the rural population. In addition, the main limiting factor in the region is the lack of technical and financial capabilities of agricultural producers, which does not allow the use of unused agricultural land for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and take measures of state support within the framework of the federal program "Development of the reclamation complex of Russia" for the period 2019-2025.

Keywords: unused agricultural land, involvement in circulation, cultural reclamation

Abstract: An agroeconomic and energy assessment of the efficiency of forage crop rotations with 20% and 40% saturation of crop rotation schemes with meadow clover was carried out. The researchwere carried out in five-field crop rotations with alternation of different crops: corn - hybrid “F-1”, “Moldavskaya 215”; clover - "Tulunsky"; oats - "Rovesnik", barley - "Acha". The area of the experimental field (one experimental plot) is 156 m2(44.5 × 3.5), the counting area is 80.5 m2(23 × 3.5). Duration of research 10 years (two completed rotations). During the experiments, it was found that the leaf area depended on the species composition of the cultivated crops.The productivity of agricultural crops in fruit-rotation crop rotations depended both on the influence of supporting crops, such as corn, annual grasses, and on the environment-forming role of meadow clover, which plays the role of green manure and phytomeliorative plant that affects the level of soil fertility and contributes to an increase in productivity and quality of products. The positive role of legumes in crop rotations is closely related to the vital activity of nodule bacteria, with which legumes are in close symbiotic relationship. The number of nodules on the root system of meadow clover depended on the frequency of their use. It has been proved that the use of high ecological and biological potential of meadow clover in fruit-rotation crop rotations will allow creating a positive balance of organic matter. It was found that with a one-time inclusion of meadow clover in the crop rotation scheme, 19.0 t/ha of fresh organic matter entered the soil; with an increase in the share of clover crops to 40%, it increased 2.2 times and amounted to 40.4 t/ha. In the conditions of pre-Baikal region, the use of crop rotations with 20-40% saturation of meadow clover made it possible to obtain fodder yield - 3.3-3.9 t/ha f.u., application of mineral fertilizers - 3.6-4.0 t/ha f.u.

Keywords: crop rotation, meadow clover, sideration, phytomelioration

Abstract: The duration of flowering and morphometric parameters of flowers and inflorescences of five hawthorn species were studied under conditions of introduction into the Kola Subarctic. The study was conducted in 2017–2019 on the basis of the collection of tree introduced species of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PABGI). The largest inflorescences, flowers, and the largest number of flowers per inflorescence were observed in specimens of Crataegus maximoviczii C.K. Schneid. In 2017, the studied plants showed inflorescences of the largest size and with a large number of flowers compared to 2018 and 2019. A moderately positive relationship was revealed between the average values of the sizes of inflorescences and flowers and weak positive correlations between the values of the sizes of inflorescences and the number of flowers. The insignificant difference in temperature and humidity has no significant effect on the morphometric parameters of hawthorn flowering. In the course of phenological observations of five species of hawthorn, the average perennial phenodates of the flowering periods were determined. The plant C.dahurica Koehne ex Schneid. Has the longest flowering, which is 10 ± 1.6 days. The longest and most abundantly flowering species of hawthorns are recommended for landscaping settlements in the region. Staying in homogeneous soil and climatic conditions, the studied species were characterized by varying degrees of fruitfulness. The highest fruit flowering was found in C. maximoviczii plants during the three-year study period and ranged from 55.1 to 73.9% and in C. flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch plants in 2017 - 62.7%. These types of hawthorns can be used to obtain ripe fruits as a source of medicinal substances.

Keywords: Crataegus L., Kola Subarctic, fruiting, inflorescences, flowers.

Abstract: Every year, interest in remontant forms of raspberry is increasing due to the fact that the potential of culture has not been sufficiently studied. This necessitated a detailed study of this berry culture. The article introduces the research carried out in 2019-2020 at the collection site of the SIPPB SB RAS (Irkutsk) with an area of 0.15 hectares. The research objects were 11 varieties and 3 selected forms of remontant raspberries of domestic selection. Particular attention in the work was paid to the production and biological assessment of the research object, in particular, early maturity and productivity, compactness of the bush, organoleptic indicators. During the growing season, varieties were noted that begin to bear fruit in late July -early August; in other varieties, the fruiting phase began at a later date (first and second decade of September). More than a month passes between the beginning of flowering and ripening of the berries. Large-fruited varieties were identified - with a fruit weight of more than 6 g and large-fruited forms - with a fruit weight of more than 7 g. In the study period, due to weather conditions, fruiting continued until early October, which allowed many plants to give the maximum yield. A comparison was made between the potential and actual productivity of plants. We made a comparative assessment of the results obtained with those obtained earlier by other researchers. As a result, among the studied assortment, more early ripening forms, as well as varieties with the highest productivity, were recorded. The paper presents the results of the organoleptic evaluation of the berry. The climatic conditions of the study area are described.

Keywords: variety, productivity, remontant raspberry, berry, bush, height, fruiting, term, hybrid, points, taste, organoleptic assessment, fragility, weather

Abstract: To provide the population with a sufficient amount of food products, it is necessary to use high-yielding varieties of agricultural crops. The solution of this problem is possible only with high-quality work of breeding institutions and well-coordinated functioning of the system of competitive variety testing, zoning and seed production of crops. For carrying out variety tests and subsequent zoning of varieties, the state variety testing network operates in the country, one of the scientific and production units of which are variety sites. According to the data of 2019, 9 variety sites were functioning in the Irkutsk Region, where 30 agricultural crops were studied, 276 varieties were tested. The studies were carried out in the fields of crop rotations adopted for these soil-climatic zones in accordance with the methodology of the State Test. A total of 475 variety tests were conducted. One of the main grain crops grown in the region is spring wheat, due to the lack of its grain, including bakery varieties. In the region, mainly zoned early-maturing and mid-maturing varieties of spring wheat are grown, the most common of which are the varieties “Iren” and “Buryatskaya ostistaya”. Zoning of spring wheat in 2019 was carried out in four zones, at the variety stages "Irkutskiy", "Kachugskiy", "Kuitunskiy", "Nizhneudinskiy". According to the analysis of spring wheat yield for 2013-2019, long-term series have, in most cases, a negative trend. at the same time, the highest yield was noted at the variety stage “Nizhneudinskiy”. Since wheat is a crop that depends to a certain extent on temperature, the paper assesses the close relationship between the yield of spring wheat and the sum of precipitation and temperatures during the growing season. Correlation analysis showed that the effect of temperature and precipitation on yield varies depending on the variety section. In addition, early - maturing varieties have a greater dependence on temperatures than medium-and late-maturing ones. At the same time, in the south of the region, the influence on the yield of precipitation prevails.

Keywords: variety testing, zoning, spring wheat, yield, Irkutsk region

Abstract: Potatoes in the Irkutsk region are agricultural crops of food, technical and fodder importance. This crop is cultivated in all categories of farms, but the bulk of the production is obtained on the farms of the population (approximately 82% of the gross harvest). The main potato varieties cultivated on the farms of the Irkutsk region are the potato varieties “Rosara”, “Gala”, “Vega”, “Sarma” and others; early varieties include "Pushkinets", "Charoit", "Madeline", and medium early varieties - "Sarma", "Nevsky", "Lina" and others. This article provides an assessment of the development of the potato growing industry in agricultural organizations of the Usolsk District of the Irkutsk Region - PJSC "Belorechenskoye", JSC "Zheleznodorozhnik" and CJSC "Irkutskiyesemena" of the Irkutsk District of the Irkutsk Region for 2017-2019. The calculation of the yield of potatoes in the leading farms of the region is carried out, the level of marketability of potatoes, which is decreasing due to a decrease in both the amount of produced and sold products, is analyzed. The article analyzes the costs of potato production, presents the composition and structure of the cost of potatoes in the farms of the Irkutsk region for the analyzed period. In addition, the calculation of the economic efficiency of potato production in the leading farms of the region was made. As the studies have shown, the main factors hindering the effective development of potato growing in agricultural organizations of the Irkutsk region are: insufficient development of the storage, processing and marketing system; low production volumes of high-quality seed material and, as a result, high capital intensity of investment projects aimed at increasing the efficiency of the industry.

Keywords: potato growing, agricultural production, yield, gross harvest, marketability, cost, economic efficiency, Irkutsk region.

Abstract: The dynamics of various categories of land for the period from 2000 to 2019 is considered. To analyze the structure of land use, Rosreestr data, statistical data and other sources of information were used. A digital elevation model represented by freely available SRTM data was used as a source of surface topography data. In the distribution of land by land in the region, forest lands prevail. There are no significant shifts in the distribution of land between land users. Over the past decades, there has been an increase in the lands of specially protected natural areas and forest resources at the expense of agricultural lands and reserve lands. The study focuses on agricultural land. In the Trans-Baikal Territory, 40.6% of all agricultural land in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) is concentrated, leading in terms of the area of forage lands - hayfields and pastures. The results of the analysis of the relief allow us to conclude that in the TransBaikal Territory, the possibilities for a significant increase in arable land are very limited, since a significant part of the territories can be attributed to zones with erosion-hazardous conditions for agriculture. According to the authors' estimates, about 65% of the territory of the region is elevated territories (above 800 m above sea level), and 67.1% of the territory is slope areas (with a steepness of more than 4°). The analysis of the land resources of the Trans-Baikal Territory, carried out using geoinformation technologies, made it possible to identify and display the features of the surface relief of the territories of municipalities in the context of the steepness of the slopes. The areas of the slopes are greatest in the Duldurginsky, Kalarsky, Krasnochikoisky, Kyrinsky, Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky and Sretensky districts of the region.

Keywords: land, land use, structure, agricultural land, erosion, slope.

Abstract: The article presents the results of studying the influence of grain of the I group (wheat, oats, barley, triticale) and the background of mineral nutrition on the development of the root system of plants, density, and structural state of dark gray forest soil. The experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the Irkutsk Research Institute of Agriculture, located in the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region. The forest-steppe zone is considered the most agriculturally developed region of the region. It is characterized by favorable weather conditions for most crops. The methods included field (stationary) and laboratory studies. The predecessor to cereals was pure fallow. The generally accepted technology of soil preparation for sowing for the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region was applied. Observations, accounting and data processing were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Variants of the experiment were studied without fertilizers, with the introduction of nitrogen and complex mineral fertilizers in doses of 45 kg of the active substance. The area of one experimental plot was 45m2. Soil samples were taken at the end of the growing season, in the first decade of September, before harvesting crops. Soil samples and plant material were analyzed in the laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Crop Production. In the course of the research, it was established that the breads of group I and the background of mineral nutrition havedifferent effects on the physical properties of the soil. The development of the root system of plants depended on the background of mineral nutrition. In the variants of the experiment with the complex application of mineral fertilizers, the root system developed better. The optimum soil density was in the variants of the experiment using N45 and N45P45K45. The content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the soil with sizes from 1 to 5 mm, depending on the variants of the experiment, varied from 34.6 to 51.7%.

Keywords: soil, field experience, mineral fertilizers, grain crops, soil physics.

Abstract: Direct sowing is an integral part of the No-Till technology, which is a technology in which there is no basic and pre-sowing treatment, and the maximum amount of plant residues is preserved on the soil surface, that is, the placement of seeds in untreated soil. For this purpose, a number of sowing machines are used, which in their design features differ significantly from traditional seeders. The article presents the results of research on the comparative study of sowing machines “SZ-3.6”, “SPM-400” and “Kuzbass-8.5” when they are used for grain crops in the crop rotation of pure – wheat-annual grasses-wheat. Under the wheat on a clean pair of sowing effectively lead the “SZM-400”; in the autumn the “SZM-400” and PK “Kuzbass-8.5”; for direct seeding PK “Kuzbass 8.5” or seeding SPM-400 with pre-cultivation in the spring cultivator KPE-3.8. The yield increase from the application of seeder-400 when sown in the pair is 0.43 t/ha, in autumn – 0.29 t/ha for spring treatment – 0.23 t/ha. The greatest effect both in terms of yield and economic indicators when sowing repeated grain crops is provided by the use of direct sowing of PK “Kuzbass-8.5”, where the increase in yield compared to “SZ-3.6” is 0.5 t/ha, the cost of grain is reduced by 33%, and profitability increases by more than 2 times. as the most adaptive, promising and resource-saving for sowing grain crops in the Irkutsk region, sowing machines “SPM-400” and “Kuzbass-8.5” should be used, gradually replacing them with traditional seeders “SZ-3.6” (SZP-3.6).

Keywords: direct sowing, tillage, crop rotation, yield, efficiency

Abstract: The article presents the results of indicators of heavy metal salts in the meat of (Tetranoidae Vigors, 1825) inhabiting the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The goal is to determine the content of heavy metals in the meat of upland game from different ecological zones of Yakutia. To achieve this goal, samples of muscle tissue of Tetranoidae from various ecological zones of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) were studied. The amount of heavy metal salts was revealed by analysis of atomic absorption spectrometry on an ABC1 spectrometer. To study the environmental safety of meat and meat products in terms of the content of heavy metals, an analysis was performed based on the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). As a result of the conducted studies of all muscle tissue samples: Tetrao urogallusL., 1758, Lyrurus tetrix L., 1758, Lagopus lagopus (L., 1758, Bonasa bonasia L., 1758 in the Central and Vilyui zones showed that the level of lead, arsenic and mercury is within the MPC. In the Central and Vilyui ecological zones, the amount of cadmium in the muscle tissue of capercaillie, black grouse, partridge and hazel grouse does not reveal a deviation from the norm: in the South zone it was 0.003,0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg, and in the North - by 0.006 and 0.002 mg/kg, which also does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. The content of lead in muscle tissue in these species of wild game birds in the Southern ecological zone varies, 0.52±0.01, 0.51±0.01 and 0.52+0.01 mg/kg, which slightly exceeds the MPC by 0.03, 0.01 and 0.02 mg/kg in wood grouse, partridge and hazel grouse, and the level of lead in the black grouse is within the sanitary standard. Analyzing the data of the conducted studies, we came to the conclusion that the level of contamination of the muscular tissue of upland game with toxic elements is high in the southern and northern zones of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The data obtained indicate the influence of the degree of environmental pollution with metalcontaining substances in the biochemical zones of the Republic of Sakha(Yakutia) on the level of their accumulation in the muscle tissue of game birds.

Keywords: Tetrao urogallus L., 1758, Lyrurus tetrix L., 1758, Lagopus lagopus L., 1758, Bonasa bonasia L., 1758, heavy metals, Yakutia.

Abstract: Manual analysis of the movement activity of fish is tedious, time-consuming and sometimes even impossible; video surveillance technology in the BioTracker software package helps to quickly and objectively assess the movement of fish. In the process of processing the proposed method, videos of the behavior of the crucian carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) were filmed and analyzed. Two experimental (with the action of an electrostatic field with a voltage of 1.2 and 2.5 kV) and one control (without external influence) groups of fish were formed. Two studies were carried out with different duration of experiments: 8 (experiment 1) and 15 (experiment 2) minutes. The effect of ESP on fish was judged by the maps of the trajectory density, velocity and angle of movement of individuals throughout the entire zone of the experimental setup created in the software package. Regularities have been revealed that govern the chronology of manipulations performed by fish when testing food items. Significant differences in the behavior of fish were established for the indicators of the total feeding time and diet during experiment 1 (8 minutes) under the influence of an ESP with a voltage of 1.2 kV. In experiments 1 and 2, a pronounced anodic reaction was observed under the influence of an electrostatic field with a voltage of 2.5 kV. A group of fish moves towards the electrode of the installation with a minus sign. For a longer time, the experimental individuals were on the "food" spot, moved together and easily found food objects. The results of these studies are useful for a more detailed study of the electrical sensitivity of fish and the selection of the most optimal characteristics of electrostatic action on them.

Keywords: crucian carp, electrostatic field, video surveillance, BioTracker, physical activity, food activity, diet.

Abstract: Due to the continuous growth of crowns in width, this condition is feasible only in a limited development area, which poses the problem of thinning out the plantings. The investigated object is a vegetative (clone) plantation, located on the territory of the Irkutskforestry of the Irkutsk region (Central Siberian subtaiga forest-steppe region), with a total area of 9.0 hectares. It is delimited by wide (over 3 meters) mineralized strips and fire breaks. The maximum total yield of seeds on forest seed plantations (FSP) in combination with the ease of collection can be obtained while maintaining the optimal crown density, which is about 0.5-0.6, as well as uniform distribution of trees in the area. The distance to the nearest plantation of Scotch pine is 25 meters, there are no minus stands of the same species nearby. The breed composition of the surrounding plantation is 6S2B2Os. The trees are 26 years old. Here trees grow 5-6 meters high and with a crown diameter of 4-6 meters, the sizes of which were obtained during the activities for the formation of crowns. Arrangement of trees, the total number of which is 400 pcs. per 1 hectare, located according to the scheme of the distance between the seats in meters 4 meters, and in row spacings 6 meters. Most of them - with a predominance of female "inflorescences". The collection of cones was carried out in 3-4 pieces in 2019 from the ends of the sprout. The seed-bearing of trees on this forest seed plantation was observed in the 15th year, and the number of clones was 50, while grafting was carried out on rootstock crops by the method of core on cambium.

Keywords: decapitation, trees, forest seed objects, plantation, Scotch pine, thinning, crowns, growth, density, plantations, clones.

Abstract: Viral respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in cattle are the main cause of economic damage to the dairy and meat industry worldwide. The article studies the prevalence of viral infectious diseases (infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial infection, rota- and coronavirus infections) among young cattle from one day to three months old in the farms of the Irkutsk region. In three farms, when studying the content of antibodies to pathogens of infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial infection in ELISA and antigens of rota- and coronaviruses in PCR, various associations of viral agents were isolated. 7 associations of viral infectious diseases were identified, of which infectious rhinotracheitis occurred in 7 cases, parainfluenza 3 - 6, RSI - 4, rotavirus infection - 3, viral diarrhea - 2, coronavirus infection - in one case. Associations of infectious rhinotracheitis and respiratory syncytial infection, as well as an association of 5 infections (IRT + VD + PG-3 + RSI + RV) prevailed in 22.2% of cases. Associations from two infections (IRT + PG-3) were recorded in 11.1% of cases; three (IRT + PG-3 + RSI and IRT + PG-3 + RV); four (IRT + PG-3 + RSI + KV and IRT + PG-3 + VD + RV).

Keywords: cattle, viral infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial, rota- and coronavirus infections

Abstract: The article presents the results of the analysis of the influence of line compatibility on the growth energy of replacement heifers at different age periods of rearing on the basis of the breeding farm of the Irkutsk region of the SEC "Okinsky". Research material was the breeding cards of cows (f-2 mol), the data of grading on the herd, which a unified database of the SELEX program. During the research, the influence of intraline selection and crosses of lines on the weight gain of heifers at different age periods (6,10,12 and 18 months) was studied. The analysis revealed the most successful line compatibility, with linear and intralinear selection, as a result of which the greatest increase in calves is provided, under the same rearing conditions. With intraline selection, “R. Sovering” x “R. Sovering”. The average daily weight gain of these heifers was (6 months - 767 g, 10 months - 766 g, 12 months - 763 g), the absolute weight gain in comparison with the weight gain of other crosses at 6 months was up to 3 kg, at 10 months -2.8 kg, at 12 months - 5.7 kg Among crosses, the greatest absolute gains were obtained in heifers with the compatibility of the lines of “V.B. Aydial” x “R. Sovering” at the age of 10-18 months. The smallest average daily weight gain, in different age periods, was noted in heifers of the “R. Sovering” x “M. Chieftain” cross (6 months - 752 g, 10 months - 748 g, 12 months - 747 g, 18 months - 727 g) In this case, the analysis of line compatibility showed that heifers obtained with intraline selection show good results in weight gain, but in the herd it is desirable to maintain a variety of lines, since the cross also gives a positive result.

Keywords: average daily weight gain, intraline selection, crosses, absolute weight gain, growthrate, line, line compatibility

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of purulent-necrotic lesions of the distal extremities, incl. and necrobacteriosis, the study of the role of concomitant bacterial microflora in the onset of the disease, as well as the development of new, more effective and safe for animals and product quality. The emergence of highly virulent strains among the representatives of opportunistic microflora, which are characterized by resistance to most known antimicrobial agents, predetermines the spread of these pathologies and significantly reduces the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments for necrobacteriosis and associated bacterial surgical infections in the distal extremities. The therapeutic efficacy of the drug ceftiofur-VS as a result of its use inpurulent-necrotic diseases of the distal extremities in cattle has been studied. Studies to study the comparative therapeutic efficacy of the drug ceftiofur-VS in necrobacteriosis in cattle complicated by associations of microorganisms were carried out in 2019-2020 in the farms of the Irkutsk region. The objects of the study were 74 cows with purulent-necrotic lesions of the hooves, with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of necrobacteriosis, which were divided into two groups: experimental (50 heads) and control (24 heads). It was found that when using the drug ceftiofur-VS, a positive therapeutic effect occurred in 46 cows and amounted to 92%. In animals of the experimental group, signs of healing were noted already on the 4th day after the start of treatment: the inflammatory reaction (edema and hyperemia) and the affected area decreased markedly, cleared of purulent-necrotic masses. On the 5th day, granulation tissue appears, on the 8th day there were practically no signs of purulent inflammation, the discharge from the wounds stopped, and marginal epithelization appeared. The average wound area averaged about 40% of the original. The recovery time of animals with necrobacteriosis complicated by associations of microorganisms was, on average, 11-12 days.

Keywords: veterinary surgery, cattle, cows, purulent-necrotic lesions, necrobacteriosis, surgical infection.

Abstract: The use of plant feeds to increase the egg production of laying hens is of great economic importance. On the basis of the Primorsky state agricultural Academy and the Federal scientific center “Agrobiotechnologies”, original studies were conducted to clarify the effect of plant feed additives for laying hens of the cross “highsex White”. As feed additives, Carbicula japonica and Galega orientatis were used. In the course of research, four groups of laying hens (control and 3 experimental) were formed with 50 heads each. The total duration of the experiments lasted 120 days (17 weeks). In the diet of laying hens of three control groups, Carbicula japonica was added from 3 to 7% to the total feed. Similarly, a second vegetable Supplement was used – Galega orientatis, but the percentage ratio to the main feed ranged from 1 to 3%. No plant supplements were used for laying hens of the control group, while the animal feed was balanced. Judging by the results of the experiments, the egg production of laying hens in the experimental groups was higher than in the control group. The largest total number of eggs was obtained in the III experimental group and amounted to 3347 eggs during the study period. This exceeded the control indicator by 19.0%, and on average the indicators ranged in the experimental groups from 14.3% to 19.0%. There was a certain difference when used in chicken feed. So, if japonica was added to the feed, the number of eggs was significantly higher than when adding Galega orientatis.

Keywords: laying hens, feed meal, Carbicula japonica, Galega orientatis, egg production.