Abstract: The article presents the results of studies of the competitive relations of perennial cereal plants of awnless brome, reed canary grass, meadow fescue, and Siberian wheatgrass in combined agrophytocenoses with Galega orientalis Lam.under various cultivation technologies. Among the cereal plants, meadow fescue, awnless brome and reed canary grass had the greatest density of herbage. These types of cereal plants are characterized Ьу high vegetative reproduction, abundant shoot formation, large undergrowth of young shoots at the beginning (Мау) and middle (June-July) of the growing season. The density of the herbage of the Galega orientalis Lam.in single-species crops in all variants of the experiment was higher than in the combined ones, which indicates the presence of а competitive relationship between the components. During three years of life, the Galega orientalis Lam.had the highest density of herbage in combined agrophytocenoses with meadow fescue and reed canary grass. The competitive ability of the components of combined crops depended on the method of plant placement, their biological and ecological potential. Expressed competitive relations between the components of agrophytocenoses were noted with а narrow-row arrangement of components with а row spacing of 15 and 30 cm. When placing the components of combined agrophytocenoses with row spacing of 45, 60 and 75 cm, interspecies competition decreased, the competitiveness of the studied plants increased. The analysis of the degree of survival of perennial plants in combined agrophytocenoses showed that the awnless brome, reed canary grass, and the meadow fescue under conditions of acute competition showed themselves as violenta plants that have great energy of growth and development. Siberian wheatgrass and Galega orientalis have shown themselves to Ье the plants of the patient.

Keywords: awnless brome, reed canary grass, meadow fescue, Siberian wheatgrass, Galega orientalis Lam., сотЫпеd agrophytocenoses

Abstract: The studies were carried out at Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center (Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture) in 2021 in order to identify new varieties of soybeans ripening in the southern forest-steppe of Omsk region for inclusion them in hybridization with local early maturing numbers. Thirty soybean samples sent from VIR were studied. The standard - the "Sibiryachka" variety. Hand sowing on Мау 11 on а single-row plot with а length of 2 m, row spacing of 60 cm, 40 seeds per row. Hand harvesting as the plants ripen, the date of the last harvest is September 30th. The analysis of the crop structure Ьу the main elements was carried out for all samples. Мау - September was characterized Ьу dry weather conditions - НТС 0.58. The period of sowing - germination period of the sent samples exceeded 2 weeks (Sibiryachka standard - 12 days). For re-examination in 2022, 18 numbers were selected; but only 8 of them (growing season from 94 to 112 days) are relatively early ripening in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Omsk region at latitude 55°. The maximum indicator for the variety o"Belgorodskaya 143" (К 11384, RF) - 353 seeds per plant and 60.1 g (Sibiryachka standard -69.8 pcs and 11.9 g, respectively). In varieties of 1321 (К 11278, Sweden), "Belgorodskaya 143" (К 11384, Belgorod, RF), "Zusha" (К 11368, RF, Orel), "Evgeniya" (К 11507, RF, Amur region), "Alisa"(K 11301, Ukraine), the seeds have а white еуе or а seed stalk firmly attached to the scar of the seed, which indicates an increased resistance to seed shedding. The varieties of the greatest value for inclusion in hybridization with local samples of the Siberian ecotype are: "Optimus" (К 11300, Canada), ripened in 94 days with а yield of 253.09 g/m2 and "Volma" (К 2 11566, RF, Voronezh) (98 days) - the

Keywords: soybean, variety, collection, early maturity, crop structure, seed yield

Abstract: The most important indicators of soil fertility include agrophysical parameters, among which the structure occupies а special place. In modem agricultural landscapes, water and physical parameters, air, heat, and food regimes largely depend on it. Structural units have а significant impact on the degree of resistance of the soil cover to water and wind erosion, which causes difficult-to-repair damage to аrаЫе soils of the forest-steppe zone. The article presents the results of studying the influence of field crops on the structural state of the soil. The experiments were carried out on the experimental field of Irkutsk State Agrarian University of the Agronomy Faculty located in the forest-steppe zone of Irkutsk region. The natural conditions of the zone are favoraЫe for most crops. The soil of the experimental field is light gray forest, medium loamy in granulometric composition. The thickness of the аrаЫе layer was 20-22 cm, the рН of the salt extract was 5.7, and the humus content was 2.4%. Soil samples were taken at the end of the growing season from а depth of 0-20 cm under field crops: wheat, oats, barley, rye, triticale, millet, buckwheat, peas, com, beans, soybeans, flax, lupine, potatoes, carrots, beets, Sudanese herbs, and perennial herbs. А soil sample taken under а natural vegetation cover was considered as а control variant of the experiment. The research was carried out according to generally accepted methods. According to the ability of structure formation, crops сап Ье placed in the following schematic sequence: perennial legume-cereal grass mixtures, annual Ыuegrass grass, spring grains of group 1, spinning crop, grain legumes, spring grains of group 11, tubers, root crops. The percentage of water-bearing aggregates under the crops of perennial grasses was significantly higher than in other variants of the experiment. А high percentage of water resistance of structural unites, in comparison with other experiments, provided crops with Sudanese grass.

Keywords: soil, jield experience, physics of soil, structure, jield crops

Abstract: The purpose of the research was to estaЫish the effect of different sowing machines of domestic and foreign production on the yield of repeated sowing of spring wheat in field crop rotations of the Irkutsk region on heavy loamy soils. The research was carried out on the basis of the Belorechenskoye agricultural puЬlic joint-stock company, which widely uses advanced tillage and sowing equipment when growing grain crops. 1n experiments, in comparison with traditional SZ-3.6 seeders for an ordinary sowing method, sowing complexes (РС) of the grades: John Deere 1830; Concord 2000; Kuzbass-8.5; Ob-4ZT, providing tape and band-spread methods of sowing with anchor and paw openers. As а result, it was found that, along with traditional technologies, when cultivating spring wheat for winter crops and spring cultivation, it is also effective to apply direct sowing with sowing complexes of domestic and foreign production. The use of these seeders increases the field germination of seeds Ьу 8-13%, the number of productive stems Ьу 67-83 pieces per 1 m2 and grain yield Ьу 0.36-0.62 t/ha. The main advantage of sowing complexes is to create а more optimal area of plant nutrition with strip-spread method of sowing.

Keywords: illage, direct sowing, wheat, sowing complex, productivity, field germination

Abstract: In recent years, significant improvements have taken place in the field of observation of hunting animals, mainly associated with the introduction of modern technical means of detecting and tracking large objects of wildlife into the hunting industry. This equipment, in particular video recorders, сап reduce the labor costs of hunting farm workers in obtaining the information required to manage groups of animals and birds on hunting grounds. In this regard, it becomes necessary to determine the range of parameters that сап Ье estaЫished based on the results of photo and video shooting necessary for applied hunting. The article describes the use of modern technical means of remote monitoring of wild ungulates in winter on the territory of the experimental site "Molty" of the training and experimental hunting farm "Goloustnoe" (West coast of lake Baikal). It was found that the photographs obtained сап reliaЬly estaЫish: the daily and seasonal activity of deer, the sex and age structure of the herd in the observed period of time, the total number of animals that visited the observation sites. The characteristics Ьу which the identification of animals was carried out are described. The corresponding calculations and conclusions were made. The data of various methods of accounting for hunting animals were compared. It was noted that the population density of the Siberian roe deer, calculated from the data of video registration and winter route counts in the study area, actually coincided. At the same time, it is pointed out that it is necessary to develop а new methodology for determining the population density of hunting animals based on the data of camera traps installed on salt licks, since the current methodology based on the application of М. Rowcliffe equation is not applicaЫe due to the fact that animals do not appear there Ьу chance.

Keywords: video registration, reindeer, Cervidae Goldfuss, 1820, Cervus elaphus xanthopygus Н. Milne-Edwards, 1867, Capreolus pygargus Pall., 1771, number, population density, daily activity

Abstract: Based on the results of the field studies in 2020, the work provides detailed descriptions of the natural phytocenoses of Pistacia vera L. Anacardiaceae R. Br., which are located in Tashkent region of the RepuЬlic of Uzbekistan. Four test plots were laid on 3 model sites: in the area called Pistalisay, in the Dzhurakbau area, in the Karankul-tugai district ( on the right bank of the Karankulsai River). The descriptions indicate the geographical location, the shape and size of the sites, the absolute height above sea level, the features of the relief, the soil­forming and geological substrate, soil name, the type of forest growing conditions, the origin of the phytocenosis, the composition of the stand and its biometric parameters (number of individuals, age, height, diameter of trunk and crown, bonitet class, ratio of staminate and pistillate individuals ), the state of undergrowth, as well as а description of the grass-shrub layer. The presence of гаге species is indicated. The importance of the results obtained, which will form the basis for further monitoring studies of the state of the analyzed phytocenoses, is noted. Criteria for determining the state of the described phytocenoses and recommended measures for their restoration have been developed: 1 - undisturbed, slightly disturbed natural pistachio trees imply а complete ban on cattle grazing, only selective sanitary felling, controlled harvesting, the use of exclusively biological measures to control pests and diseases, other measures determined Ьу forest management; 11 - natural pistachio forests that are moderately affected Ьу anthropogenic activities (grazing, cutting) must Ье restored using the above measures, fencing off the site, as well as measures to promote natural regeneration; 111 - severely disturbed pistachio trees require fencing of the site, active measures to promote natural regeneration, as well as planting seedlings grown in nurseries on pre-prepared sites; IV - almost completely degraded land, on which only single pistachio trees remained, imply the artificial creation of pistachio plantations, on the lands previously occupied Ьу this species but displaced from the previous habitats Ьу excessive anthropogenic load.

Keywords: plant communities Pistacia vera L., Central Asia, pistachios, current state, economically valuaЫe species, monitoring

Abstract: The population of the Turanian tiger was formed at the final stage of settlement from East Asia and as а result of subsequent geographical isolation 10-6 thousand years ago with further attempts of the individuals to settle further to the north- and southwest. The extinction of the small population of the Turanian tiger occurred in three stages: 1 - abiotic (change in the habitat); 2 - anthropogenic (destruction of the habitat); 3 - anthropogenic (physical destruction of tigers), which occurred in the last less than two hundred years. The proposed reintroduction of а tiger in the amount of 100 individuals into the habitats of Central Asia on the territory of а specially created reserve with а single area of at least 5.0 thousand km2 without а sufficient number of full-fledged hunting grounds and а fodder base makes it ambiguous due to irreversiЫe changes in the habitat and the impossibility of providing the predator's hunting prey with the required number of fodder objects and preventing conflicts with the local population and its livestock. The possibilities of restoring the tiger population under the natural conditions of Central Asia are ambiguous due to irreversiЫe changes in the habitat. It is proposed to form an artificial population from а part of the tigers living freely in protected areas and а part of the tigers kept in aviaries because of their conflict and which try to settle outside the protected areas with the possibility of exchange between these parts. This will allow combining the interests of tourism and the protection of the natural environment and its inhabitants - reintroduced tigers, as well as objects of their prey - wild boars, Siberian roe deer, Bukhara deer, etc.

Keywords: Panthera tigris virgata Illiger, 1815,population, extinction, restoration.

Abstract: The characteristic of the phenological phases of any plant species allows not only to assess the biological characteristics of the species but also to assess the dependence of the ontogenesis of an individual in general and phenological phases in particular on the plant habitat. Flowering, as well as fruiting, Vaccinium myrtillus L. is greatly stretched over time. On the territory of the upper reaches of the Iya River, Ыueberries Ыооm in the first decade of June. Mass flowering is observed in the second decade of June. Such а long flowering period contributes to long-term pollination of flowers Ьу а few pollinating insects - wasps, bees, bumЫebees, flies, etc. Fruit ripening begins in the middle of the 111 decade of July, reaches а maximum Ьу the beginning of the idecade of August. V myrtillus L. is а plant with а long growing season. For this type, an extended course of phenophases is characteristic. The longest duration was noted for the fruiting phase. The first berries ripen at the end of July, the last, already гаге fruits, ripen Ьу the beginning of September. Mass ripening of V myrtillus L. fruits begins in the first ten days of August. The timing of the onset of the phenophase of berry ripening (FrЗ) is primarily affected Ьу the timing of flowering of these plants (FЗ). The beginning of the onset of phenological phases in V myrtillus L. differs from year to year and depends on meteorological conditions, which in some years delay or accelerate the rhythm of the passage of the phenological phases. Late spring, low temperatures and increased precipitation delay the onset of phenophases, especially vegetative and fruit ripening. The timing of the onset of the phenophases of berry plants is also influenced Ьу the ecological and phytocenotic conditions of their growth.

Keywords: Ьlueberry, Vaccinium myrtillus L., phenology, flowering, fruiting

Abstract: The assessment of the stability of the development of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. from the effects of emissions from road transport in Irkutsk has been carried out. То study the state of the trees, indicators of fluctuating asymmetry of leaf Ыades taken at test sites at the end of the growing season (the third decade of August-the first decade of October 2018-2021) were used. Nineteen sites were laid in 4 zones: transport zone with high and medium traffic intensity, residential zone with little traffic on the adjacent territories, and саг parking and recreational zones with no cars. The value of the developmental stability values of the Ussuri pear growing along high-traffic roads is in the range from 0.057 to 0.067, on average - 0.060 ± 0.00357; in а transport zone with an average traffic intensity - from 0.050 to 0.053, on average - 0.051 ± 0.00272; in the residential area - from 0.040 to 0.060, on average - 0.050 ± 0.00173; in the recreational area - from 0.038 to 0.051, on average 0.044 ± 0.00230. The index of the increase in the indicators of the stability of the development of specimens found in the transport zone with high traffic intensity, in comparison with the recreational one, is 1.36; in the transport zone with an average traffic intensity in comparison with the recreational one - 1.16; in residential compared with recreational - 1.14. The coefficient of linear correlation between the values of the developmental stability and the distance of its growth sites to the roads was r = 0.50 ± 0.24, the criterion of reliability was t = 2.07, which proves а moderate relationship between these factors. The state of the development of Р. ussuriensis through the correlation ratio on the Chaddock scale (У\ = 0.71) revealed а noticeaЫe relationship. The share of the influence of the traffic flow intensity factor on the change in the integral indicator of the development stability is 50.55%, the value of the residual variance of unaccounted factors is 49.45%. The values of the indices of increase in stability indicators obtained in the course of the study allow us to recommend planting Р. ussuriensis Maxim. in recreational and residential areas, as well as along roads with an average traffic volume.

Keywords: Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim., Ussuri pear, fluctuating asymmetry, developmental staЫlity, correlation, road transport

Abstract: The vast majority of puЬlications present the breeding of hunting animal species in enclosures as an integral part of the preservation of wildlife objects, including in natural habitat conditions. The appeal of an animal photographer, whose camera caught white-tailed (Virginian) deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780) in the state of natural freedom on the territory of Tula region, helped to doubt this. Photographs of the maral are also availaЫe (Cervus elaphus siЫricus Severtzov, 1873) and sika deer (Cervus nippon Тemminck, 1838) in the Dubensky district of Tula region, mouflons ( Ovis aries/orientalis/ammon musimon Pall., 1811) in the Dubensky and Suvorovsky districts of Tula region, European fallow deer (Dama dama L., 1758) in the Belevsky district of Tula region. These species are not background to а particular territory and their nature of stay is invasive. It is well known that this type of animal is not а background for the region, and for Russia as а whole. То clarify the circumstances that caused the invasion, appeals were made to the competent authorities. Based on the analysis of the information received, conclusions were drawn about the need to amend the legislation of the Russian Federation, in particular, on the mandatory environmental expertise of the project for the maintenance (breeding) of hunting resources in semi-free conditions and in an artificially created habitat, as well as the need to issue а permit for acclimatization, resettlement or hybridization of hunting resources, even if the release of alien species into the natural environment is not expected; development of а mechanism to combat invasion; the need to define for the purposes of the Federal Law "On hunting ... " the concept of"wild animals"; the need to improve the work with the veterinary information system; toughening of liability for violation of the rules of resettlement, acclimatization or hybridization of the objects of the wildlife objects.

Keywords: invasion, introduction, acclimatization and hybridization, Ыodiversity (Odocoileus virginianus), Chronic wasting disease), UNESCO

Abstract: In the modem world, the influence of а polluted ecosystem entails various pathological consequences, such as а violation of the functionality of the thyroid and genital glands. The interaction of the thyroid gland and the reproductive system is characterized Ьу а general relationship in the central regulation. Endocrine cells and organs in the body make up а single system in which everything is interconnected; if the normal function of one of its links is disrupted, then other components will certainly suffer; the close relationship between the functioning of the thyroid gland and ovaries does not allow them to Ье considered separately. Thyroid pathology in females of reproductive age is common, the effect of thyroid dysfunction in hypothyroidism is extremely important and in the future it will serve as а platform for the most popular pathologies of the reproductive system. Based on our own research, this article presents materials of the study of the pathological histological picture of the thyroid gland and ovaries of females. The objects of research are females of different breeds and ages found in veterinary clinics of the city of Ulan-Ude and the scientific veterinary clinic "Academy" of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the Buryat State Agricultural Academy. Research material is thyroid glands and ovaries of females. А total of 15 dogs were examined. Dogs were divided into 3 groups: large n = 5, medium = 5, small n = 5. The age of females ranged from 6 months to 8 years and above. Research methods: clinical, ultrasound, pathoanatomic, histological. Of the 15 females, 5 were with hypothyroidism, 10 dogs with pathology of the reproductive system, in particular 5 dogs with а diagnosis of ovarian cyst. According to the research results, the pathology of females were characterized Ьу а violation of the structural apparatus, atrophic, dystrophic and necrotic changes with dysfunction of the organs of the reproductive and endocrine systems.

Keywords: females, disease, thyroid gland, histological picture, ovaries, ultrasound examination