Abstract: There are no studies on seeds of perennial bluegrass herbs, in general, and on seeds of Agropyron cristatum, in particular. In terms of chemical composition, digestibility and palatability, Agropyron cristatum is the best cereal species. An important resource-saving and ecological element of the technology of cultivation of Agropyron cristatum is the selection of the optimal cover crop. To assess the effectiveness of fungicides, the seeds of Agropyron cristatum of Volosatik variety were used, when it was cultivated uncovered and under the cover of oats, barley and wheat. The experiment was conducted on the Minderdinskoe agricultural farm located in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The sum of the temperatures of the growing season of this zone is 20130C, the amount of precipitation is 258 mm, HTC is 1.3, which indicates a moderate degree of moisture. Under the conditions of Krasnoyarsk Territory, the seed infection of Agropyron cristatum is represented by the genera Fusarium and Alternaria, and fungi of the genus Fusarium predominated in the control without treatment and when treated with "Vitaros". Of the four analyzed fungicides “Lamador”, “Vitaros”, “Oplot” and “Vial-Trust”, only “Lamador” and “Oplot” were effective against local populations of seed infection, which completely suppressed the growth of pathogenic microflora. The wheat cover variant is confidently leading in terms of infection of seeds of Agropyron cristatum, its infection was 13.7-41.3%, while in other variants of cover crops it was 5.3-34.9%. Seed germination of Agropyron cristatum varied significantly depending on the cover crop. The maximum germination was obtained when seeds were treated with the “Lamador” herbicide without a cover and with an oat cover of 85.3% and 82.9%.

Keywords: Krasnoyarsk Territory, seed infection, Fusarium and Alternaria, "Vitaros" drug, fungicides, "Lamador", "Vitaros", "Oplot" and "Vial-Trust"

Abstract: In large agricultural enterprises, the share of complete fallow reaches 24.8%. In peasant farms - up to 30%, this in combination with grain crops is 71-80%. It characterizes the farming system as a grain-fallow system of an extensive type, when maintaining crop productivity at the level of 20 c/ha is carried out at the expense of fallows, where the mineralization of organic matter reaches 1.4-2 t/ha annually. To eliminate the imbalance in the content of organic matter in the soils of the region, it is advisable in the near future to replace part of the complete fallows with green-manured fallow and to increase the proportion of perennial grasses on arable land. The share of grain crops in the structure of arable land should be optimized at the level of 45-50%, and the share of. The structure of crops is dominated by spring wheat, which is placed in complete fallows. Because of high cost and a chronic lack of mineral and organic fertilizers, it is impossible to obtain high yields of wheat from non-fallow predecessors, since the level of natural soil fertility in Irkutsk region without fallow and fertilizer does not exceed 13-15 c/ha. A particularly low level of chemicalization is characteristic of peasant farms, where the proportion of complete fallows with intensive mineralization of humus for the formation of nutrients for crop formation reaches even 1/3 of the total arable land used by them. There have been given an assessment of the growing negative trends in the ratio of the main biological groups of agricultural crops and complete fallow when using arable land and ways to optimize them. To form the optimal structure for the use of arable land in general and the share of fallows in particular, it is necessary to use zonal standards for mineralization and humus accumulation.

Keywords: agriculture, arable land, arable land structure, complete fallow, soil, humus.

Abstract: The results of the main ecological aspects of the advantages of using perennial plants in organic farming of the Pre-Baikal region are presented. Galega orientalis, Bunias orientalis, Polygonum divaricatus in joint agrophytocenoses with Bromopsis inermis for three years of economic functioning with a wide-row method of placing components provided high rates of productivity of green mass, yield of feed units, digestible protein and feed-protein units per 1 ha. The yield of the green manure mass of crop and root residues reaches 12 t/ ha. Bunias orientalis has a powerful tap root system. The amount of organic matter of root residues in the second year of life reaches up to 8 t/ha. The biomass of crop residues and the root system of the Polygonum divaricatus (in the soil layer of 0-50 cm) reaches 18.0 t/ha. Galega orientalis is used for green manure from the age of 4 years. Bunias orientalis and Galega orientalis had high nitrogen accumulation in crop and root residues. The total amount of nitrogen in the organic residues of Bunias orientalis reached 237.4 kg/ha, Galega orientalis - 183.4 kg/ha per year. Polygonum divaricatus, as green manure, is inferior to Galega orientalis in nitrogen and phosphorus absorption, but surpasses in the amount of accumulated potassium. In the first year after plowing a layer of perennial grasses, the highest wheat yields were obtained when it was placed on Galega orientalis rue and Bunias orientalis. These links of crop rotations provided an increase in grain yield by 0.17 and 0.54 t/ha, respectively, in comparison with grain yield by complete fallow. The highest wheat yield was observed for the legume predecessor in the second year. Wheat yield for other perennial plants was at the level of 1.54-1.96 t/ha, which is higher than the fallow predecessor by 0.4-0.85 t/ha

Keywords: perennial grasses, organic farming, soil fertility, productivity, environmentally friendly products

Abstract: The effect of simple (glucose, sucrose) and complex (arabinogalactan) carbohydrates on the total content of nucleic acids and proteins in germinated seeds of the “Zolotistaya” soybean variety was studied. The total content of nucleic acids in germinated wheat grains and the total content of proteins were determined by the spectrophotometric method. It was found that the presence of carbohydrates in germination solutions significantly affects the efficiency of the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in germinating seeds of the “Zolotistaya” soybean variety. Sugar solutions reduce the content of nucleic acids in seedlings compared to the control (water). The content of nucleic acids also decreases when soybean seeds germinate in water compared to dry seeds. Carbohydrate solutions reduce the protein content in soybean seedlings compared to the control (water), while the decrease enhances in the series: glucose - sucrose - arabinogalactan. During seed germination in water, the content of nucleic acids in cotyledons, in contrast to seedlings, increases in comparison with dry seeds. During seed germination in carbohydrate solutions, the content of nucleic acids in cotyledons decreases, but to a lesser extent than for seedlings. The content of proteins in the cotyledons during the germination of soybean seeds of the “Zolotistaya” variety in water is higher than in dry seeds, which repeats the dependence noted for nucleic acids. Germination of soybean seeds in carbohydrate solutions reduces the protein content in the cotyledons, and the decrease enhances in the same sequence as for seedlings: glucose - sucrose - arabinogalactan. Содержание нуклеиновых кислот и белков в проростках сои ниже, чем в семядолях после прорастания. The smallest differences in indicators in relation to nucleic acids were noted for glucose solutions, in relation to proteins - for solutions of arabinogalactan. It can be assumed that the presence of the glyoxylate cycle, which promotes gluconeogenesis, may contribute to the negative effect of carbohydrates on the biosynthesis of the nucleic acids and proteins.

Keywords: nucleic acids, proteins, oilseeds, carbohydrates

Abstract: Among the natural factors affecting plant productivity, an important role belongs to the soil and its fertility. Chernozems are among the most fertile arable soils in Russia. As part of the arable land of Russia, they belong to the main areas, the second place in terms of distribution falls on gray forest soils. In the Siberian Federal District, the total area of chernozems exceeds 27 million hectares. There are few soils with high fertility in Irkutsk region. The main areas of the fertile arable soils are located in two natural zones of the region - steppe and forest-steppe zones. The forest-steppe zone is the main agricultural zone of Irkutsk region; gray forest soils have become predominant there, and chernozems are predominant in the steppe zone. Chernozem soils cover an area of 139 thousand hectares, (2.4%); gray forest soils occupy 850 thousand hectares (50%) of arable land. The article presents the results of the study of agrochemical and agrophysical indicators of arable horizons of leached chernozem and dark gray forest soil. According to a number of indicators, such as the reaction of the soil solution, granulometric composition, the presence of soil macroaggregates, the properties of arable horizons of leached chernozem and dark gray forest soil were similar. There were significant differences in the content and reserves of humus, the amount of exchange bases, the absorption capacity, the degree of saturation of the soil with exchange bases, and the number of waterbearing aggregates. The agro-production properties of chernozem and dark gray forest soil are currently very favorable, with the exception of the content of water-resistant structural units in the arable soil horizon. In respect that the quality of structural units directly affects the composition, water, air, and thermal regime of the soil, further monitoring of this indicator is necessary.

Keywords: soil, field experience, soil physics, soil chemistry.

Abstract: The article presents the results of the correlation dependence of the rhythm of the seasonal development of garden strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) of the “Festivalnaya” variety with the ecological and climatic features of the year) in the North-West region of the Russian Federation. One hundred and forty-six samples of F. x ananassa were analyzed. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the research and production base "Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR". Observations were carried out in accordance with the standard procedure methodology. Correlations of the rhythm of seasonal development with the ecological and climatic features of the year (average monthly temperature) were studied for the Festival variety, the dates of the beginning and end of flowering and ripening, the weight of berries per the plant, the weight of one berry, the number of berries per plant were determined. The results of the studies showed that the yield of F. x ananassa samples in the conditions of the North-West is associated with the ability to form a larger number of berries on the plant due to longer flowering and maturation. The variability of the dates of the beginning and end of flowering, the end of ripening of strawberries of the “Festivalnaya” variety is more than 50% determined by the temperature characteristics of the season, namely the temperatures of May and June. An increase in May temperatures by 1 ° C leads to an earlier start of flowering by 1.8 days, an increase in June temperature by 1 ° C leads to an acceleration of the end of flowering by 3.8 days, the beginning of ripening by 2.9 days, the end of ripening by 3.7 days. The weight of berries per plant decreases on average by 17.3 g with an increase in June temperature by 1°C in the studied temperature range of 12-19°C. The increase in temperatures creates favorable opportunities for later varieties.

Keywords: Fragaria x ananassa Duch., phenology, productivity, correlation dependence

Abstract: Red Books - international, national and regional - have long been an integral element of nature protection. At present, active work continues in the Russian Federation on the creation and reprinting of regional Red Books. 2021 is the anniversary year, 25 years ago, in 1996, the first edition was published - the Red Book of the Altai Republic (animals). The initiator of its preparation for publication back in 1994 was N.P. Malkov, associate professor of the Department of Zoology, Ecology and Genetics of Gorno-Altai State University. There were no regional Red Books in the Siberian Federal District. The first Red Book of Krasnoyarsk Territory was published in 1995. In other Siberian regions, books were published much later. The Altai Republic was deservedly the second in this list. The Government of the Altai Republic is entrusted by law with the powers to ensure the protection and restoration of the number of rare, endangered wildlife listed in the Red Book. The Red Book of the Altai Republic is published at least once every 10 years. It's time to prepare the fourth edition of the Red Book of the Altai Republic in 2027The first three summaries (1996, 2007, 2017) were published in separate volumes: The Red Book of the Altai Republic (plants, volume I-III) and the Red Book of the Altai Republic (animals, volume I-III).

Keywords: The Red Book of the Altai Republic, rare and very rare species, probably extinct, range, taxon, population, habitat

Abstract: Due to the large technogenic load, the analysis of the accumulation and content of pollutants allows us to draw conclusions about environmental pollution. In a number of pollutants of the biosphere, heavy metals and their radioactive isotopes are of particular danger due to their high ecotoxicity, cumulativeness and synergy in the combined and conjoined impact with other agents of various natures. Mammals are traditional and widely used in research bioindicators of temporal trends in anthropogenic pollution of the biosphere. One of the ways to release the body from toxins is their accumulation in the external integument of animals (wool, horns). The article presents the results of studies of the accumulation of heavy metals in the wool of roe deer and red deer of Trans-Baikal Territory. The information obtained is not only fundamental, but also applied, since this information can also be used for practical purposes, for example, to improve the well-being of the environment. For the study, 9 hair samples were taken from different regions of Trans-Baikal territory края (Shilkinsky, Akshinsky, Uletovsky, Shelopuginsky, Gazimuro-Zavodsky, Kyrinsky), including three samples of red deer wool and 6 samples of roe deer wool. Wool samples were provided by hunters during the hunting season. As a result of the research, it was found that lead is contained in all samples, excluding the Shilkinsky district. Arsenic is contained in five samples. At the same time, the content of this metal exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations in samples of roe deer in the Karymsky district - by 5 times, Akshinsky - 1.9 times; red deer in Akshinsky district - by 2.4 times, in Shelopuginsky - by 1.8 times.

Keywords: Trans-Baikal Territory, heavy metals, ungulates, indicator

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the influence of air pollution by the Irkutsk aluminum plant (Shelekhov, Shelekhov district, Irkutsk region) on the size and quality of Scots pine cones and seeds. The research was carried out in 2017-2018 in the basin of the Olkha River, in the lower reaches of the left bank of which the Irkutsk Aluminum Plant (hereinafter referred to as IrkAZ) is located. The data were collected at three permanent sampling plots (PSP) located in the Olkha River basin at different distances from the plant. The first PSP located directly near the industrial zone of IRKAZ at a distance of 2.31 km from the source of pollution, the third PSP is on the right bank in front of the village. Bolshoy Lug is at a distance of 10.81 km from the source of pollution; the second PSP is also on the right bank between the first and third PSP, the distance from the source of pollution is 6.78 km. Studies have shown a tendency to increase the length of cones from 45.7 mm to 47.0 mm as they move away from the source of contaminationThe average weight of 1000 seeds has average values. The average weight of the seeds of the sample areas with a high confidence probability differ from each other. The share of germinating seeds consistently increases with distance from the pollution source: from 58.0% on the first PSP to 84.9% on the second PSP and 93.8% on the third PSP. Phytopathological analysis showed the maximum degree of damage (more than 25% of seeds and seedlings) by the largest number of pathogenic pathogens on the first PSP and the minimum (2%) - on the third PSP, an intermediate value (10%) was noted on the second PSP. Consequently, the contamination decreases as you move away from the source of contamination.

Keywords: Pinus sylvestris L., industrial air pollution, phytopathology, seed quality, Olkha river basin, Southern Pre-Baikal region.

Abstract: The reasons contributing to the dispersion of pollutants in the atmospheric air of an industrial city located in special geographical conditions are considered. The report is based on the analysis of static data and the work of the authors who study the problems related to the pollution of the surrounding atmosphere of industrial cities. The structure of industrial production of the city of Irkutsk includes about 60 enterprises that represent the main technogenic potential: mechanical engineering - 70.8%, light industry - 15.2%, production of building materials - 8.9%, other industries - 5.1%. Overcoming the ecological crisis in the city is complicated by the technological backwardness of the enterprises that emerged mainly in the 30s of the 20th century, as well as their unfortunate location in floodplains of the rivers (Angara, Irkut, Ushakovka, Kaya). As a result of this location, the air emissions from the enterprises cover the residential development of the city. There is a strong dependence of the nature of the environmental pollution on the characteristics of thermal and humidity conditions. The processes of decomposition of toxic substances proceed more slowly at high latitudes at low values of the radiation balance, and not only the magnitude of the radiation balance is of great importance, but also ultraviolet radiation penetrating into the surface parts of the atmosphere and accompanying various photochemical reactions, in particular, oxidation reactions. This is important, since most of the by-products of technogenesis emitted into the atmosphere are not fully oxidized, these are (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, etc.). The state of the atmosphere creates an ecological environment that has an intense impact not only on human health but also on the biota, hydrosphere, soil cover, buildings, structures, and other objects. This determines the relevance of this topic.

Keywords: Irkutsk, problems of the atmospheric pollution, dependence on thermal and humidity regime.

Abstract: The most important condition for effective selection in dairy cattle breeding is the duration of the productive use of highly productive cows, which affects not only the economics of production, but also the improvement of livestock. The amount of lifelong productivity, the quantitative and qualitative growth of the herd, the amount of investment in its formation and the efficiency of operation depend on the period of productive use of cows. Over the past 10 years, the average age of dropped out cows in JSC "Zheleznodorozhnik" is 3.18 calving, the average lifetime milk yield of cows is 18153 kg, the amount of milk fat and protein is 688.0 kg and 579.1 kg, respectively. In the agricultural sector of JSC "Belorechenskoye" (OPH "Petrovskoye") - 3.22 calving and the average lifetime milk yield of cows - 19370 kg, the amount of milk fat and protein 715.1 kg and606.6 kg, respectively. There is a trend towards an increase in the period of productive use and an increase in lifelong milk yield. In general, high milk yields have been achieved, especially over the past four years, over 6.5 thousand kg of milk per cow for 305 days of lactation. Most cows drop out of the herd before reaching the highest productivity, which falls at the age of 5-6 calving, which is 2-3 times lower than the average biological age (15-18 years). The productive longevity of a cow is, first of all, the total life expectancy of an animal, this is the period of economic use, when the farm begins to receive livestock products (milk, calves) from this cow. The indicator of lifetime milk yield is the total milk yield for all lactation during the life of this animal. The most important task of modern dairy cattle breeding is to extend the terms of economic use of cows. Long-term operation of cows makes it possible to better organize and carry out breeding work with the herd, reduce material costs for growing and forming the main herd, increase production and improve its quality, and increase the efficiency of the livestock industry.

Keywords: lactation, longevity, milk yield, fat, protein, productivity, calving, dropping out, intercalving period

Abstract: One of the effective options for eliminating intoxication of the body of meat poultry with mycotoxins and improving the nutritional and biological value of meat is the rational use of biologically active drugs that can provide detoxification of mycotoxins. Of the wide range of these drugs, antioxidants that protect cell membranes from destruction are distinguished by high detoxifying properties in relation to mycotoxins in the diet of meat poultry. The aim of this research was to study the effect of different dosages of santoquine (antioxidant) on the level of digestibility and assimilation of nutrients contained in diets (based on wheat grain, triticale and rapeseed meal) in meat quails with the tolerant presence of T-2 toxin in them. A higher stimulating effect on the hydrolysis of the nutritional components of the diet in quails was provided by feeding the test preparation at a dose of 125 g/t of compound feed. This is confirmed by an increase in the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter by 3.61% (P<0.05) and organic matter by 3.50% (P<0.05) against control analogues in poultry of the 2nd experimental group. It was found that the use of santoquine in the best dose (125 g / t of feed) had a more favorable effect on the protein metabolism of nitrogenous meat poultry. Therefore, meat quails of the 2 experimental group, compared with poultry from the control group, deposited nitrogen in the body during the accounting period of this experiment per day. In addition, the quails of the 2nd experimental group were distinguished by the best conversion of calcium and phosphorus of feed into products.

Keywords: meat quail, T-2 toxin, antioxidant, detoxification, digestibility and assimilation of feed

Abstract: Pig hybridization is one of the main factors in the production of high-quality pork, since such animals, due to the effect of heterosis, have a high growth rate compared to purebred animals. The study of the combinative compatibility of pigs of various origins during industrial crossing makes it possible to detail the issue of the manifestation of the heterosis effect by fattening and meat qualities. At the same time, one of the leading roles is assigned to the genetic origin of the original parental forms. The aim of the study was to assess the productive quality of sows and crossbred pigs as a result of the use of boars-producers of domestic and imported selection. In the course of the study, the multiplicity and productivity of sows and their offspring were evaluated in breeding conditions on a breeding form obtained as a result of breed crossing of sows with boars of the Large White and Landrace breeds of French origin. In SHPK "Usolsky pig farm" there is a breeding farm, which currently has the status of a breeding reproducer for breeding large white pigs, in addition to large white breeds, Landrace and Duroc breeds are grown. Boars of the Large White breed, Landrace of French origin were imported by the company ’’Franz hybrid”. The use of pigs of French origin influenced the increase in such productive qualities as the multiple pregnancies of sows and the productivity of crossbred pigs. The best result was obtained when using two-breed crossing As a result of such crossing, hybrid animals had a high livestock safety of 90% up to 100 days of age, reached a live weight of 152.2 kg by 240 days of life with the lowest feed conversion.

Keywords: pigs, breed, imported breeding, multiple pregnancies, productivity, safety, milk production