Abstract: The paper investigates the effect of electromagnetic radiation of the UНF range as а stimulating factor in increasing the germination of seed material of the Ыuegrass family on the example of triticale. Being а hybrid of wheat and rye and having the highest potential and rich biochemical composition, triticale is irreplaceaЫe today both as а fodder base in agriculture and in the food industry. 1n the paper, the data of а laboratory experiment on the germination results of triticale after UНF irradiation of varying degrees of duration and varying power are analyzed. The presence of а sufficiently pronounced stimulating effect after electrotechnological processing of prepared samples of triticale (samples of 100 grains each) was confirmed, which manifests itself in an increase in seed germination. Ву varying the duration and power of irradiation, an energy-efficient mode was selected, which makes it possiЫe to increase the germination of the studied samples of triticale Ьу an average of 1 О - l 5Thus, the use of а method for pre-treatment of seeds with an electromagnetic field of UНF frequency сап Ье considered economically justified. The proposed method also makes it possiЫe to ensure effective disinfection of seed material, which is important for combating pathogenic microflora and grain diseases, while significantly activating its growth processes. Mathematical processing of the experimental data was carried out using а standard package of applied programs. The optimal mode for the duration and power of UНF irradiation for triticale has been estaЫished. The maximum permissiЫe value of the UНF exposure power at which the protein structure of triticale is destroyed and the grain completely loses its germination was determined.

Keywords: UHF influence, triticale, germination, Ьluegrass, processing, grain, mode

Abstract: Many biochemical processes occurring in the litter depend on the level of humidity and temperature, which, in addition to weather conditions, is influenced Ьу the degree of crown density, since it determines the amount of moisture and light entering under the canopy of trees. The activity of microorganisms living in the litter and regulating the processes of decomposition of lignin and organic nitrogen compounds significantly depends on its hydrothermal regime. The article presents the results of the study of the intensity of the accumulation of lignin and nitrogen in the litter, depending on the activity of microorganisms that decompose mineral and organic forms of nitrogen, microscopic fungi. The studies were carried out in plantations of Pinus sylvestris L. 11 age class on the territory of the Kuzbass Botanical Garden (Kemerovo, Kemerovo region - Kuzbass). The trial areas were ranked according to the gradations of the closeness of the forest canopy: unclosed, medium-closed and highly closed. Under-crown, near­crown and outer zones were distinguished in open stands, under-crown and near-crown zones in medium-closed and high-closed stands. Studies have shown that the maximum number of microorganisms in the litter was observed in Мау and September, the minimum number - in July. А more intensive accumulation of nitrogen was recorded in the under-crown zones of medium and high-closed plantations (Ьу 22-30% more than in the near-crown ones) and in the near-crown and outer zones of open plantations (Ьу 42 and 59% more than in under-crown plantations). The maximum accumulation of lignin was noted in the basal zone of the redines. Correlation analysis showed the effect of microorganisms that decompose organic nitrogen on the decomposition of lignin - in samples with а high content of these microorganisms, lignin was noted less.

Keywords: litter, crown closeness, soil microorganisms, total nitrogen, lignin

Abstract: The correct selection of components, which involves the study of competitive relations between species, is important when compiling heterogeneous agrophytocenoses. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to study the mutual influence of fodder annual herbaceous plants in the initial phases of development during the joint germination of seeds. Scientific research was carried out at the department of animal science, fish farming, and agronomy and land management of the Institute of biology, ecology and agrotechnologies of Petrozavodsk state university. Seeds of oats (Avena sativa L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.), spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and oil radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) were germinated on filter paper in Petri dishes in pure form (control) and mixtures at the same ratio. At the end of the experiment, the laboratory germination of seeds was determined; the length of the aboveground and underground parts of the seedlings was measured. The experimental data obtained were processed using elementary statistics. The conducted studies showed that the components of the studied mixtures accelerated or delayed the development of seeds and seedlings of other crops. А decrease in seed germination and seedling length was found in oats mixed with all types. А favoraЫe effect on the above indicators of vetch was noted when it was combined with the rest of the components of the mixtures. Plants of the Brassicaceae family had different reactions to the joint germination of seeds: in combination with oats and vetch, the laboratory germination and biometric data of spring rape and white mustard decreased, while oilseed radishes increased.

Keywords: mixed crops, heterogeneous agrophytocenoses, laboratory germination, annual fodder crops

Abstract: The aim of the research was а comprehensive study of the honey value of fruit species on the lands of the forest fund and agroforest landscapes in Rostov region. As а result of observations, the main fruit species were identified (Prunus armeniaca, Prunus spinosa, Crataegus monogyna, Frangula alnus, Elaeagnus angustifolia); morphological signs of honey plants during flowering, ecological and biological features during the honey harvest were studied. The value of honey-bearing lands is shown in plant formations of natural forests, artificial woodlands and forest belts, taking into account all components of the forest phytocenosis and the structure of forest belts 1n the formation, bayrachny oak forests with an admixture of pear nectarines in the tree stand, the honey productivity of 56.3 kg / ha is provided Ьу shrubby thickets found along the edges, formed from steppe honey-bearing species of hawthorn, thorn and rosehip. The highest honey productivity among floodplain forests is distinguished Ьу elm-grass-sedge-cereals in the composition with fruit buckthorn brittle and laxative ( 40.0 kg / ha). In artificial forest plantations, the most honey productivity in the oak grove of fresh snytevo-sedge is distinguished Ьу the common pear in the composition of the stand of 3%. The field maple as а part of the stand in the studied forest-growing conditions of the oak forest makes up the main share of honey productivity indicators of the plant formation -531.9 kg/ha. Significant honey productivity in agroforest landscapes (220.5 kg / ha) is distinguished Ьу stands with the participation of common apricot (30%) in the undergrowth with Elaeagnus angustifolia. The bioresource potential of land with the participation of fruit plants of various categories of land in Rostov region is 84.239 tons.

Keywords: melliferous fruit plants, flowering time, nectar, plant formation, forest belts, forest fund, honey productivity, honey reserve

Abstract: Monitoring of biodiversity is currently of great importance for monitoring the state of natural communities. This direction plays а particularly important role in specially protected natural areas. However, many protected areas have no necessary specialists to carry out inventory and monitoring of certain groups of organisms. Thus, the national Park "Udege Legend" (Primorsk territory) still lacks annotated lists of many groups of vertebrates including birds. The avifauna of the Bolshaya Ussurka River basin (=Iman), where this national park is located, was studied most fully in the 1940s and 50s. Mter that, no targeted studies of the bird population were carried out here. Our research was aimed at compiling а preliminary annotated list of the avifauna of the basin of the middle reaches of the Bolshaya Ussurka within the "Udege legend". The work was carried out in July 2020 in the area of the "Korean Pryzhim" checkpoint (N 450 75.241; Е 1350 36.786). The total length of the hiking routes was 36.9 km, in addition, 40.5 km were covered along the rivers В. Ussurka and Armu Ьу motor boat. During the accounting, 54 bird species belonging to 24 families and 11 groups were registered; the total occurrence of birds was 8.21 ind./1 km of the walking route. The most common species were the chestnut-flanked white-eye Zosterops erythropleura (1.06 oz./ 1 km of the route ), eastern tits (0.70os./ 1 km of the route) and gray-headed buntings Emberiza spodocephala (0.62 os./ 1 km of the route). The changes in the bird population compared to the 1950s were analyzed. 1n the future, we plan to continue researching the avifauna of the Udege Legend National Park and cover other places in this protected area with surveys.

Keywords: avifauna, Ыrd population, National Park "Udege Legend", Primorsk territory, Far East.

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to summarize the author's and literary information about the distribution of owl birds, their numbers and limiting factors on the territory of Altai, which means the subjects of Altai territory and the Altai RepuЬlic, which until 1991 was а part of the territory in the status of Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region. The region is located in the south of Westem Siberia on the territory of more than 260 thousand km2; in the west it borders with Kazakhstan, in the south - with China and in the southeast - with Mongolia. Special studies on the distribution and abundance of owls were carried out in the period from 2005 to 2020. When summarizing the material, the following methods were used: abstraction, analysis and synthesis of information. As а result, it was concluded that 11 species of birds of prey of the Owl family Strigidae (Nyctea scandiaca, ВиЬо ЬиЬо, Asio otus, Asio flammeus, Otus scops, Aegolius funereus, Athene noctua, Glaucidium passerinum, Surnia ulula, Strix uralensis, Strix nebulosa). All owls are protected Ьу regional legislative acts, of which 5 species are rare, ВиЬо ЬиЬо is listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation, Altai Territory and the Altai RepuЬlic; Glaucidium passerinum and Strix nebulosa are presented in the Red Books of Altai Territory and the RepuЬlic of Altai; Nyctea scandiaca and Surnia ulula are included in the Red Book of the Altai RepuЬlic. The distribution and number of owls depends on the geographical location of nesting sites, which is mainly determined Ьу the transformation of the territory and the food supply. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the work consists in replenishing the data bank on the owl birds of Altai, which сап Ье used in improving regional measures for the protection of biodiversity ..

Keywords: Owl family Strigidae, Altai Territory, Altai RepuЬlic, population, distribution, number.

Abstract: The knowledge of the diet specialization of herbivorous animal species is necessary to build predictive models of how environmental changes might affect their populations and to develop effective management of them. Assessments of the food items availability in habitats play а fundamental role in identifying specialization degree. The analysis of the haying selectivity studies in pikas revealed that in most of them there were no explicit criteria of the food items availability to animals. Based on the analysis of literature and field observations of Turuchan pikas, we have developed а protocol for non-invasive assessing the selectivity of plant collecting Ьу this species, which includes: assessment of the biomass of plant species in haypiles in the field (usage); а list of criteria for the availability of forage objects for collecting and assessment of the biomass of availaЫe food items in the pika habitat using the method of weight units. The protocol сап Ье applied to any pika species, taking into account the species specificity. The study of the specialization of hay collecting should Ье preceded Ьу observations of the pika behavior in nature, directed to reveal the availability of feeding items for а particular species, to understand what are the haypiles of this species, including for what period they are collected, and what feeding items are availaЫe for pikas during this period. The protocol also requires some preparatory laboratory work to estaЫish weight units for each plant species, to identify signs of dryness of plant species or their parts, to develop conversion coefficients for recalculating the biomass of plant items in haypiles to dry mass.

Keywords: foraging, food item availality, assessment of plant species availaity, non­invasive method, plant weight unit, plot-based estimate of cover

Abstract: Based on the materials collected in 1998 and from 2009 to 2016, the paper provides information on the faunistic and species composition of small mammals, their abundance and landscape-biotopic distribution in the forest-steppe and steppe parts of the Pre-Altai plain. During the work, 30 species of small mammals were registered within the territory under consideration including 20 species of rodents and 10 insectivores. The greatest species richness is characteristic of the forest-steppe part of the studied territory (25 species); within its steppe landscapes, 17 and 18 species were noted, respectively. 1n terms of the number of species, the group of the boreal faunistic complex is the most diverse, which includes Microtus arvalis, Sicista betulina and Myodes species. In terms of abundance, on the contrary, due to the high abundance of Micromys minutus and Apodemus agrarius, the Euro-Manchurian faunistic complex prevails. Representatives of the European, Kazakh-European and Boreal groups are significantly inferior to him. The highest indicators of total abundance are characteristic of campestral and field landscapes, slightly lower values are noted in landfills on the outskirts of the city, in pine and mixed forests, as well as in rarely flooded floodplains. The minimum population density of small mammals was found in lowland swamps and in frequently flooded floodplains. In communities of small mammals, Micromys minutus predominates everywhere, with an average share of 25% over the territory. Along with it, on average, Microtus arvalis and Microtus arvalis (12 and 10%), Sorex tundrensis and Sorex araneus (10 and 8%), and Apodemus agrarius (8%) are leading in the territory of the Pre-Altai plain. Of these, the proportion and distribution of Microtus arvalis and Sorex araneus is higher in the forest-steppe part of the plain, and Microtus arvalis and Sorex tundrensis in its steppe part.

Keywords: small mammals, distribution, species richness, total abundance, population heterogeneity, faunistic complex, Pre-Altai plain

Abstract: According to the results of the winter route accounting 2001-2020, on а landscape basis in the Maplnfo geoinformation environment, а map was built that reflects the biotopic distribution of the narrow-range sаЫе subspecies Martes zibellina avereni Bazhanov, 1943 гnder conditions of the Katunsky Reserve. То do this, based on the algorithm for calculating "natural" groups, landscapes were ranked according to the average long-term population density. It is shown that the heterogeneity of the distribution of the species with an ассерtаЫе degree of completeness is consistent with the landscape differentiation of the territory, which determines the conditions of existence including the potential and actual availability of food of plant and animal origin. The highest population density is characteristic of two groups of habitats in the reserve: 1) deep-snow mid-mountain biotopes on the Listvyaga and partially Katunsky ridges, which are dark-coniferous and dark-coniferous-larch taiga interspersed with relatively small open areas that do not interfere with the daily movement of animals; 2) relatively low-snow biotopes on the upper limit of the northern macroslope of the Katunsky ridge including а mosaic combination of dark-coniferous forest, kurumnik and meadows with an admixture of dwarf birch tundra. Both biotopic varieties are distinguished Ьу an increased variety of food resources. The semi-forested landscapes of the Katun Valley and its uppermost tributaries on the southern macroscline of the Katun Ridge are less densely populated with sаЫе. Abundance indicators in this group of habitats are purposefully decreasing as the role of tree species in the vegetation cover, mainly Siberian pine, decreases. Significant deviations in the spatial distribution are associated with migration processes, the causes of which are most likely due to seasonal and interannual differences in the availability of food in the most productive habitats.

Keywords: sаble, Martes zibellina avereni, population density, mapping

Abstract: The increase in milk production in the farms of the Irkutsk region is achieved Ьу improving the quality of the livestock and strengthening the forage base. 1n the Baikal region, mainly Ыack-and-white (80% of the livestock) breed of cattle is bred. 2 breeding plants and 9 breeding reproducers are engaged in improving the breeding and productive qualities of animals. They have а significant impact on improving the productive qualities of livestock in various regions, and especially in the Irkutsk region. In connection with the introduction in 2008 of the Federal Law 13264-88 ("Technical Regulations for Milk and Dairy Products"), the requirements for the qualitative composition of milk have increased, so the study of this proЫem has become relevant. The article presents the results of assessing the qualitative composition of the milk of Holsteinized cows of the Black-and-White breed of cattle on the example of the breeding reproducer "Milk River" in the Irkutsk region. Due to the high demand of the population for quality products of animal origin and the special role of milk proteins in human nutrition, it is necessary to accelerate the increase in milk production. With an increase in the Holstein Ыооd count of cows, an increase in the milk productivity of cows is observed. The highest milk yield for 305 days of lactation was in cows with а Ыооd count of 95% or more (8024 kg), with а mass fraction of protein 3.29% and fat 3.74%. With an increase in the proportion of Ыооd for Holsteins, along with an increase in milk productivity, а decrease in the content of the mass fraction of protein in milk Ьу 0.04% is observed.

Keywords: milk yield, milk, fat, protein, mass fraction, selection, correlation, Ыооd count, live weight.

Abstract: А sanitary and veterinary examination and clarification of the main quality indicators of honey, the products of which are sold in the Irkutsk region, one of the most important tasks related to the health of the population, was carried out. The research was conducted on the basis of the Irkutsk State Agrarian University named after А.А Yezhevsky, in the period from 2018 to 2021. The total number of honey samples is 34. Samples that came from different districts of the Irkutsk region (Bratsky, Kachugsky, Irkutsk, Shelekhovsky, Bokhansky, Tulunsky, Zhigalovsky, Bayandaevsky, Kuytunsky, Angarsk, Zalarinsky, Ziminsky) were subjected to organoleptic and physico-chemical analyses. fu parallel, honey samples from the Krasnodar, Altai Territories, the RepuЬlic of Bashkortostan, Novgorod and Nizhny Novgorod regions, and Kazakhstan were studied. Flower honey is characterized Ьу а pleasant aroma, which 85.3% of the samples had, in the remaining samples (11.8%) there was а specific sour smell, and in some cases there was а burnt caramel smell - 2.9%. Judging Ьу the consistency, it was found that in 76.5% of cases the samples corresponded to regulatory documentation, and in 23.5% they did not. According to taste indicators, 29.4% of samples with sour fermented taste were registered, the rest - 70.6% met the standards. The qualitative reaction to oxymethylfurfural was positive in 5.9% of cases. When honey is heated above 500С and stored for а long time, glucose and fructose decompose with the formation of oxymethylfurfural (OMF). It was found that 55.9% of honey is а quality product that meets the requirements of GOST 19792-2017. Honey is natural. Technical conditions. The highest value of the diastase number is 38.0 units . Gote is defined in samples No. 8 (Zhigalovsky district, Irkutsk region) and No. 16 (Angarsk district, Irkutsk region).

Keywords: honey, veterinary and sanitary examination, diastase number, acidity, amylase activity, oxymethylfurfural

Abstract: The main directions in the cattle breeding industry are the determination of the interaction of milk productivity, the age of the first mating of heifers, reproductive abilities, and the period of economic use of animals. The manifestation of individual characteristics in specific conditions determines productive qualities. All other things being equal, the variability of traits depends mainly on the genotype of animals. Improving the gene pool of dairy cattle in the country is а complex, lengthy process. The improvement of dairy cattle over the past 30 years in Eastern Siberia was carried out using Holstein bulls and ended with the breeding of the Yenisei type of red-mottled breed and the Krasnoyarsk type of Ыack-mottled breed. Nevertheless, the task cannot Ье considered completely solved, since agricultural producers raise the question before the scientific community about the effectiveness of breeding intrabreed types created and used on the farms of Krasnoyarsk Territory. Therefore, the study of the productive and biological indicators of cows in а comparative aspect between the two types is relevant, of scientific and practical interest. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the genotype on the productive and biological indicators of cows in two lactations. The objectives of the research included the determination of quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk productivity of cows, the study of reproductive qualities. In the process of performing the scientific and economic experiment, zootechnical, biological, chemical, and genetic research methods were used. As а result of the research, it was found that insemination at the age of 14-15 months, upon reaching а live weight of at least 350 kg, had а positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk productivity: milk yield for 305 days of lactation, mass fraction of fat and protein, amount of milk fat and protein, milk ratio. Cows of the У enisei type of the red-mottled breed of the first group were characterized Ьу the best reproductive ability, as evidenced Ьу the insemination index, calf yield, shorter service period and interbody period.

Keywords: cattle, Yenisei type, Krasnoyarsk type, milk productivity, live weight, insemination index, service period, interbody period